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Harvard Referencing
Your readers must be able to tell what research is yours and what comes from another author. This helps them find the same information if they want to quote it themselves. It also avoids the mistake of one of your readers crediting you with someone else's work.
Why You Must Say Where Your Quotations Come From
When you write an essay, a diary blog or a powerpoint presentation, any:
- text or verbal quotations
- videos
- photos
you find online, in books or in videos must be properly referenced. This means that you must give the full details of where the information comes from.
Without references, any work you quote from someone else might look like it's your own, which is known as 'plagiarism'. Most students simply forget how important this is when they copy and paste from a website and therefore plagiarise by accident rather than on purpose. However, students can lose their place on a sixth form or university course if they are found to have plagiarised.
How Can We Avoid Plagiarism?
Here are 7 easy tips to keep you safe from accidental plagiarism and to demonstrate when to use a citation and when to use a reference. When you quote from somewhere, you must give a short citation, e.g. "According to O'Reilly (1988), musicians learn best when..." and then list all of your quoted sources in a full bibliography at the end of your powerpoint or essays using references.
- CITATION: Never quote more than two sentences. Add "quotation marks" around the quoted extract. Below your quote, add a citation reference (see steps 3 and 4 below).
- CITATION: If you want to quote more than two sentences, you should summarise in your own words instead. Begin with the author's name, e.g. "According to O'Reilly (1988), musicians learn best when..."
- CITATION: If the quote is from a book, the reference you add should show the name of the author, the year of publication and the page number, e.g.: (Whittaker, 2020, pg.45).
- CITATION: If the quote is from a website, add the webpage and the date you accessed it, e.g.:(https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zhrtkmn/revision/1), accessed 8 September 2020.
5. REFERENCE: Make a Bibliography list of all your references at the end of your essay, blog or presentation. Include full details of all sources you have used, even if these are not directly referred to, for example: Alderton, P. (2000) “Please, Sir”, London: Weston Press.
6. REFERENCE: Use this Online generator to automatically generate a citation reference. It uses the referencing system created at Harvard University, known as 'Harvard Referencing'.
Example of a Bibliography reference for a website, using the Online Generator
BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). Intervals - Melody - AQA - GCSE Music Revision - AQA. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zhrtkmn/revision/1 [Accessed 8 Oct. 2020].
7. REFERENCE: Add the website address in the caption box beneath a photo. When you have uploaded a photo to your blog, right-click on the image and click the two lines beside the plus + symbol to add a caption below your photo.
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